ABSTRACT
Racism and anti-Semitism persist in older pre-existing or classical forms but also in newer and changing forms. Their metamorphoses are in large part due to new technologies in communication and to social networks which enable the spread of hatred to go viral. Artificial intelligence also makes it possible to confer the semblance of technological neutrality to mechanisms, robots or algorithms which reproduce prejudices, stereotypes, contempt or hatred without those who use them being necessarily aware of this. The changes are also a response to the social, political, religious or cultural changes in the world or in the societies where they are observed. In particular, entry into a post-colonial era encourages new forms of refusal of racism on the part of formerly colonised people or their organic intellectuals, for example in some American universities. This leads to rationales of widespread racism, almost to a ‘war of the races’. The representations of the Shoah, the move towards the right of Israeli politics, along with the fragmentation and social and economic crisis in many countries, as well as the changes in global terrorism shape the new developments in hatred of the Jews.
