The execution process has become fairly uniform throughout the United States. Every state now utilizes lethal injection as its primary method of execution, although a few provide some inmates with a choice of another method. Hanging gradually gave way to electrocution but other methods were also used, including lethal gas and the firing squad. Although the overwhelming number of executions today are by lethal injection, some inmates choose another method if allowed to in order to make a point about what they believe to be the barbarity of capital punishment. This chapter describes each method still in force and the litigation that has ensued as a result. Because the basis of the legal challenges is the Eighth Amendment's Cruel and Unusual Punishments Clause, it reviews the Supreme Court's Eighth Amendment jurisprudence. The Supreme Court has upheld the firing squad, electrocution, and, more recently, lethal injections against constitutional challenges.