ABSTRACT
The minimum requirements of various codes are often insufficient to ensure the long-term durability of reinforced concrete in severe exposures, such as those found in marine splash zones such as jetties and harbors. Some of the newer structures such as oil and gas projects built in marine areas, but not in splash zones, are experiencing corrosion problems due to airborne chlorides. Marine structures in warmer climates prevalent in the Middle East, Singapore, Hong Kong, South Florida, etc., are especially vulnerable because of the high temperatures, which not only increase the rate of chloride ingress, but also the corrosion rate once the process is initiated.
