ABSTRACT

Biofilm is composed of single or multiple living and reproducing microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, yeast, etc.). It produces extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and colonizes the surface of the matrix. The diverse range of microorganisms can produce biofilm, concerning the possible matrixes such as medical implants, contact lenses, food, natural material, plastics, swimming pool, and human and animal tissues. The combination of moisture, nutrients, surface existence, and desirable environmental conditions is suitable for biofilm formation. They begin to form communities, adhere fast and tightly to the surface, elude host immunity, and are resistant to antibiotics. Currently, antibiotic resistance is a rising hazard worldwide. The complex process of cell to cell communication quorum sensing (QS) and the corresponding multicellular biofilm formation have been comprehensively studied as challenging goals for the treatment and clinical administration. The current status of biofilm and the accumulation of many bacterial species have been identified in hospital-acquired infections. Nearly 80% of bacterial infections are associated with, which most regularly are caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterobacteria. The exact analysis of biofilm infections is very hard to destroy besides regular sources are life threatening. This chapter describes the prevention and disruption strategy of currently existing biofilms in medical aspects.