ABSTRACT
For decades, focus has been placed on improving organizational processes. Since the late 18th century when businesses žrst began to live beyond the life of their owners, company leaders began to look at how to help workers become more eœcient. It was important to streamline production, schedule deliveries of raw materials, and make more accurate estimates of production time. Before the Gantt chart emerged in the early 19th century, project management pioneer Frederick Taylor was advocating the benežts of benchmarking, re-engineering, and process redesign (2011).
