This chapter introduces Bayesian Epistemology and the Bayesian Brain Paradigm, both potentially powerful models in Mind, Brain, and Education (MBE). Bayes' Theorem helps formally express the probability that current predictions are correct and considers as well the probability that the reasons people have for those expectations are reliable. The primary narrative highlights the models that have influenced the author's understanding of the learning and teaching process, as well as later work with organizations supporting learning, teaching and research such as school districts, museums, hospitals and the International Mind, Brain and Education Society (IMBES). The basics of Bayesian Epistemology, are quite intuitive and applicable to almost any cognitive process in which models or beliefs are to be updated by new evidence or data; such processes are, of course, central to learning and education. The chapter includes reflections on how the Bayesian model helped unpack the author's understanding of the challenges in addressing both content and pedagogical demands in Epistemology and Neuroscience.