ABSTRACT
Monitoring and supervision are an integral part of the process of implementation of a program. It aims to identify deviations, if any, from the established plan and to find quick, practical solutions to bring the activities back to the predefined track. Managers employ the following methods for monitoring and supervision: observation, communication with staff, communication with clients; and review of records. To devise appropriate corrective actions, the root cause of the problem needs to be understood. For example, if the process of registration takes longer than expected, the manager needs to identify the reason. Organizations generally produce lots of data, not all of which may be relevant for its top management. Top management can be more effective if it receives selective data or information, based on which they can make decisions. In a hospital setting, top management requires information on patient safety; financial returns; utilization of services; efficiency of certain services; and performance of a new initiative, if any.
