ABSTRACT
Chemical reactor designs include the continuous stirred tank reactors, the batch stirred tank reactors, the tubular reactors, and the packed bed reactors. Two types of reactors are used in chemical plants: continuous reactors and batch reactors. The chemical reactions can be irreversible, reversible, consecutive, or simultaneous. In most chemical processes, before the reactions can be initiated the ingredients first have to be heated up to the reaction temperature. Optimization of a chemical batch reactor usually means that its throughput is maximized while the operating costs are minimized. In most batch reactions, when the reaction is completed the batch is concentrated through the removal of unreacted chemicals and solvents. Safety problems can arise in chemical reactors as a result of many causes, including equipment failure, human error, loss of utilities, or instrument failures. Failed sensors and defective instruments can be automatically replaced if redundant or voting systems are furnished.
