Skip to main content
Taylor & Francis Group Logo
    Advanced Search

    Click here to search products using title name,author name and keywords.

    • Login
    • Hi, User  
      • Your Account
      • Logout
      Advanced Search

      Click here to search products using title name,author name and keywords.

      Breadcrumbs Section. Click here to navigate to respective pages.

      Chapter

      The Ocular Surface: Barrier Function and Mechanisms of Injury and Repair
      loading

      Chapter

      The Ocular Surface: Barrier Function and Mechanisms of Injury and Repair

      DOI link for The Ocular Surface: Barrier Function and Mechanisms of Injury and Repair

      The Ocular Surface: Barrier Function and Mechanisms of Injury and Repair book

      The Ocular Surface: Barrier Function and Mechanisms of Injury and Repair

      DOI link for The Ocular Surface: Barrier Function and Mechanisms of Injury and Repair

      The Ocular Surface: Barrier Function and Mechanisms of Injury and Repair book

      Edited ByHarry Salem, Sidney A. Katz
      BookAlternative Toxicological Methods

      Click here to navigate to parent product.

      Edition 1st Edition
      First Published 2003
      Imprint CRC Press
      Pages 20
      eBook ISBN 9780429214202
      Share
      Share

      ABSTRACT

      DEROLWHVLQ&RUQHDO6WURPDDQG(SLWKHOLXP UIDFH DO,QMXULHVWRWKH2FXODU6XUIDFH KHPLFDO(\H,QMXULHV HFURVLV HVSRQVH

      *URZWK)DFWRUVLQ&RUQHDDQG7HDUV UDWLRQRI([WUDFHOOXODU0DWUL[ IÀFLHQF\ WLHVDQG0HWDEROLWHVRQWKH2FXODU6XUIDFH &RQWHQWVRI1D.&O²DQG62² QG&RQWDPLQDWLRQ

      THE OCULAR SURFACE

      W\RIWKHH\HLVODUJHO\GHSHQGHQWRQWKHLQWHJULW\RIWKHFRUQHD UÀOP7KHLQWHUDFWLRQRIWKHRFXODUVXUIDFHÁXLGZLWKFRUQHDO DKDVEHHQLQYHVWLJDWHGUHSHDWHGO\XVLQJYDULRXVPHWKRGV7KRIW HLPHW DO 7RXQGHUVWDQG WKHSDWKRORJ\RI WKHFRUQHD

      WKHVSHFLDOVWUXFWXUH HSLWKHOLXP VKRZV GL FHOOV=RQXODHRFFOXG VPDOOPROHFXOHVDQG WRWKHEDVHPHQWPHP DQFKRULQJFRPSOH[H )URP LWV DQD PDWHULDOLWVH[WUDFHO

      7KH VWURPD IRUP DERXWRIWKHVWU ZLWK WKH GHOLFDWH VW VWURPD FRQWDLQV UHSUHVHQWVDODUJHYR DQG ODFWDWH DQG ORZ WKH VWURPD WKHNHUD ZKHQFRQIRFDOPLFU

      ELECTR

      (OHFWURO\WHV IRU FLXP&DDQGVXO FHOOV6FKUDJHHWDO RIWKHFRUQHDOWLVVXHV SURGXFLQJPHWDEROLV QRVLQHWULSKRVSKDWH FHOOXODUHQHUJ\7KHU DQG FHOOV 5HLPHW D

      RIWKHHSLWKHOLXPDQGVWURPDPXVWEHFRQVLGHUHG7KHFRUQHDO VWLQFW OD\HUV FRQVLVWLQJ RI EDVDO LQWHUPHGLDWH DQG VXSHUÀFLDO HQWVIRUPGLIIXVLRQEDUULHUVSUHYHQWLQJGLIIXVLRQRIHYHQUDWKHU SHQHWUDWLRQRIPLFURRUJDQLVPV7KHHSLWKHOLDOFHOOVDUHDWWDFKHG EUDQHE\KHPLGHVPRVRPHV5RKHQ,QDGGLWLRQVSHFLDO VSURWUXGHIURPWKHHSLWKHOLXPLQWR WKHVWURPD*LSVRQHWDO WRPLFDO VWUXFWXUH WKH HSLWKHOLXP FRQVLVWV PDLQO\ RI FHOOXODU OXODUVSDFHLVYHU\VPDOO V WKHPDMRU SDUW RI WKH FRUQHD ,Q FRQWUDVW WR WKH HSLWKHOLXP RPDOYROXPHLVPDGHXSE\WKHH[WUDFHOOXODUVSDFH,WLVÀOOHG UXFWXUH RI FROODJHQV DQG JO\FRVDPLQRJO\FDQV 1RUPDOO\ WKH ZDWHU 5HLP D7KH H[WUDFHOOXODUZDWHU RI WKH FRUQHD OXPHIRUVROXWHVVXFKDVHOHFWURO\WHVPHWDEROLWHVOLNHJOXFRVH PROHFXODUZHLJKW SURWHLQV LQFOXGLQJ F\WRNLQHV7KH FHOOV RI WRF\WHV IRUPD V\QF\WLXPZKLFKZDVSHUFHLYHGPRUHFOHDUO\ RVFRS\ZDVLQWURGXFHG7KDHUDQG*H\HU

      OLYTES AND METABOLITES IN CORNEAL STROMA AND EPITHELIUM

      H[DPSOH VRGLXP 1D SRWDVVLXP . FKORULGH &O FDO IDWH62IRUPLPSRUWDQWSDUWVRIWKHLRQLFPLOLHXIRUOLYLQJ *OXFRVHLVNQRZQWREHDPDMRUQXWULHQWPHWDEROLWH 5HLPE/DFWDWHLVWKHSURGXFWRIWKHDQDHURELFHQHUJ\ P 7DEOH ,Q WKHFRUQHD OLNH LQPDQ\RWKHU WLVVXHV DGH $73DQGDGHQRVLQHGLSKRVSKDWH$'3DUHPDMRUFDUULHUVRI HIRUH$73OHYHOVDUHFRQVLGHUHGWRLQGLFDWHWKHYLWDOLW\RIWLVVXHV O +HQQLJKDXVHQ HW DO 6LQFH$73 OHYHOV

      FDQEHDVVD\HGZLWK JUDPV6DOODHWDO EH XVHGPRUHZLGHO UHSUHVHQW WKH VWDWHR 7DEOH

      1D &O DQG 6 VWURPD7KHHQHUJ\G DQGFDOLEUDWHGWRDQD QP7KLVSURFHGX PLFURVFRSH7KHSHD E\ WKH[UD\EHDPF ZDVHOLPLQDWHGE\D ,QDGGLWLRQD QPLQGLDPHWHUDOORZ DO7KLV WRLQYHVWLJDWHFRQFHQ RIWKHFRUQHDLQVLWX

      :KLOHJOXFRVHUH OXODUDVZHOODVLQWK QRZZLWKPRUHVHQV DQGODFWDWH$73DQG RFFXUVPDLQO\LQWUDF LVFORVHO\FRQQHFWHG LV DVFRUELF DFLG ,Q FRQFHQWUDWLRQ5HLP ZDVIRXQGWREHWHQ KLJKHU WKDQ LQ WKH E

      WKHELROXPLQHVFHQFHPHWKRGLQWLVVXHVDPSOHVRIDIHZPLOOL HYHQLQKLVWRORJLFDOVHFWLRQVDQDO\VHVRI$73OHYHOVPD\ \ LQ FOLQLFDO DQG H[SHULPHQWDO H\H UHVHDUFK$73$'3 UDWLRV I FHOOXODU HQHUJ\ LQGHSHQGHQW IURPDEVROXWHPHWDEROLWH OHYHOV

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ÁXLG%RWKRIWKHVHPHWDEROLWHVFDQEHDVVD\HG LWLYHPLFURPHWKRGV)UDQW]HWDO&RQWUDU\WRJOXFRVH $'3DUHUHVWULFWHGWRFHOOV7DEOH,QDGGLWLRQJOXWDWKLRQH HOOXODUO\,WLVDQLPSRUWDQWUHGXFLQJPHWDEROLWH,WVJHQHUDWLRQ

      ZLWKWKHHQHUJ\SURGXFLQJPHWDEROLVP5HLPHWDO6R WKH FRUQHD WKLV FRPSRXQG DFKLHYHG DQ H[WUDRUGLQDU\ KLJK HWDO,QWKHHSLWKHOLXPWKHDVFRUELFDFLGFRQFHQWUDWLRQ WLPHVKLJKHUWKDQLQWKHDTXHRXVKXPRXUDQGWRWLPHV ORRG SODVPD ,W LV DVVXPHG WKDW LQ WKH DQWHULRU H\H VHJPHQW

      DVFRUELFDFLGVHUYHV HUDWHG WRD ODUJHH[W 5LQJYROGHWD

      7UDXPD GHÀQHG SK\VLFDOLPSDFWLVF LVXQGHUVWRRGDVDI EXUQV LPPHGLDWHO\ PLOG LUULWDWLRQVXFK RUOLWWOHDOWHUDWLRQRI TXLWHVRRQ0LQXWHO FDQEHGHWHFWHGZLWK ELRFKHPLFDODQDO\VH

      5HSHDWHGRUFRQW ORZWUDXPDWLFVWLPXO RIFKURQLFVXEWKUHVK ZKLFKXVXDOO\FRQWDL ELW].LOS DQG GLVHDVH LV HDVLO +RZHYHU VHYHUH WUD UHVSRQVHVVXFKDVWK

      7KH RFXODU VXUID YDULRXVH\HGURSVDQ LQWHUDFWLRQEHWZHHQ +RZHYHUVXUIDFHWUD EHWZHHQ VXUIDFH ÁX HSLWKHOLXPLQYROYHW SUHVVXUHWKHGHQXGH 5HLP UHYHDOHGE\(';$ DERXW GUDPDWLF FKDQ 6FKUDJH

      CHEMICAL AND

      6LQFHWKHSURJQR VHYHULW\RIWKHGDPD LQMXULHVWRWKHH\HZ

      ,QPLOGEXUQV V ZDVK\SHUHPLF)LJ

      6WDJH,,RIH\HE LQDGGLWLRQWRHSLWKHO

      IRUVFDYHQJLQJR[\JHQDQGK\GUR[\OUDGLFDOVZKLFKDUHJHQ HQW LQ WKH OLJKWH[SRVHG WLVVXHVRI WKHH\H 5HLPDQG%HFNHU O

      TRAUMA TO OCULAR SURFACE

      DV DQ DGYHUVH LQÁXHQFH LQFOXGLQJ PHFKDQLFDO FKHPLFDO RU RQVLGHUHGWREHDTXDQWLWDWLYHSURFHVV,QWKLVFRQWH[WTXDQWLW\ XQFWLRQRIDGYHUVHLPSDFWDQGWLPH6HYHUH WUDXPDOLNHDONDOL FDXVHVVHYHUHGDPDJH>[email protected] WKHRWKHUKDQG DVJHQWO\ WRXFKLQJWKHVXUIDFHULQVLQJZLWK LQGLIIHUHQWÁXLGV S+LQGXFHGRQO\OLWWOHDOWHUDWLRQWRWKHWLVVXHZKLFKGLVDSSHDUHG HVLRQVRIWKHHSLWKHOLXPPD\SURGXFHWLVVXHUHVSRQVHVZKLFK YDULRXVPHWKRGVRIH[DPLQDWLRQVXFKDVFRQIRFDOPLFURVFRS\ VRIWKHFRUQHDRUWKHWHDUÁXLG LQXRXVDOWHUDWLRQPD\EHFRPHFKURQLFLUULWDWLRQZLWKWLPH7KHQ XVPD\DFFXPXODWHDQGFDXVHPRUHVHYHUHGDPDJH$QH[DPSOH ROGWUDXPDLVFRQWDFWOHQVZHDURUWKHDSSOLFDWLRQRIH\HGURSV QGLVLQIHFWDQWV0RUOH\DQG0F&XOORFK7XUVVDQG6FKH .LOSDQG+HLVLJ7KRIWDQG)ULHQG6PDOOWUDXPD \ RYHUFRPH E\ GHIHQVH PHFKDQLVPV RI D KHDOWK\ RUJDQLVP XPD RU FKURQLF GLVHDVH PD\ LQGXFH YLROHQW DQG H[DJJHUDWHG RVHIROORZLQJFKHPLFDOLQMXULHV FH ÁXLG LV QRW RQO\ FRPSRVHG RI WHDUV EXW LV LQÁXHQFHG E\ GULQVLQJVROXWLRQV$VORQJDVWKHFRUQHDOHSLWKHOLXPLVLQWDFW FRUQHDDQGRFXODUVXUIDFHÁXLGLVVOLJKWDQGRIOLWWOHLPSRUWDQFH XPDPD\GDPDJHWKHHSLWKHOLDOEDUULHUDQGLQGXFHLQWHUDFWLRQV LG DQG FRUQHDO WLVVXHV (URVLRQV RU FRPSOHWH GHIHFWV RI WKH KHVWURPD%\LWVVSHFLDODQDWRPLFDOVWUXFWXUHDQGLWVVZHOOLQJ GVWURPDVRDNVÁXLGIURPWKHVXUIDFHOLNHDVSRQJH'RKOPDQ &OLQLFDOO\ WKLV FRQGLWLRQ DSSHDUV ZLWK HGHPD +RZHYHU DV DQGRWKHUDQDO\VHVFRUQHDOHGHPDIURPVXUIDFHOHVLRQVEULQJV JHV RI WKH FKHPLFDO FRPSRVLWLRQ RI WKH VWURPD 5HLP HW DO HWDO

      THERMAL INJURIES TO THE OCULAR SURFACE

      VLVRIFKHPLFDORUWKHUPDOLQMXULHVRIWKHH\HVGHSHQGVRQWKH JHDFODVVLÀFDWLRQLVQHFHVVDU\,Q7DEOHVLJQVRIFKHPLFDO

      HUHFRPSLOHGDQGJUDGHGLQRUGHUWRGHÀQHVWDJHVRIGDPDJH WDJH , VXUIDFH HSLWKHOLDEHFDPHGHIHFWLYH DQG WKH FRQMXQFWLYD XUH XUQLQMXULHVVKRZHGFKHPRVLVDQGVRPHLVFKHPLDRIFRQMXQFWLYD LDOGHIHFWVDQGK\SHUDHPLD)LJXUH6RPHSDUWVRIWKHOLPEDO

      ]RQHPLJKWKDYHEHHQ FRQMXQFWLYDZDVPRUH VXUIDFHHSLWKHOLDUHJH

      0RUHVHYHUHLQMX ZHUH IRXQG 7KH KH HSLWKHOLDOGHIHFWVXOF

      LQFOXGHGEXWGHHSHUWLVVXHVUHPDLQHGXQDIIHFWHG6XUURXQGLQJ

      RUOHVVLQÀOWUDWHGZLWKOHXNRF\WHV5HLPHWDO+RZHYHU QHUDWHGZLWKLQWZRRUWKUHHZHHNV5HLPHWDO ULHVZHUHVHHQLQVWDJH,,,EXUQV$OOVLJQVOLVWHGLQ7DEOH DOLQJ SHULRGZDV H[WHQGHG DQG FRPSOLFDWHG E\ ORQJVWDQGLQJ HUDWLRQVFDUIRUPDWLRQDQGSHUPDQHQWFRUQHDOWXUELGLWLHV0RVW

      VHYHUHEXUQV H[KLELW FRPSOLFDWLRQV LQGXF 6XUIDFHHSLWKHOLDGLG FXODUL]DWLRQDQGVKU

      HGGLVDVWURXV VWDJH ,9GDPDJH )LJXUHV DQG DQG ODWH HG E\ WKH VHYHUH DQG ORQJVWDQGLQJ VHFRQGDU\ LQÁDPPDWLRQ QRWKHDODIWHU\HDUV6HFRQGDU\FRUQHDOVFDULÀFDWLRQQHRYDV LQNLQJRIFRQMXQFWLYDUHVXOWHGRIWHQLQEOLQGQHVV

      PATHOP

      Ischemia and Nec

      7KHGDPDJHE\F RIFRUURVLYHDJHQW L 6XUIDFHHSLWKHOLDDUH FRUQHDOVWURPDDQGW VFOHUD 7KHUH NHUDWR QHFURWLF,QDGGLWLRQ WLYD DQG HYHQ VFOHUD DPRXQWRIOLPEDOLVFK 3HQHWUDWLRQRI WKHFR LVPDUNHGE\GLVFROR E5HLPDQG.X WRQLDDQGQHFURVHVL

      Inflammatory Res

      0HGLDWRUVRILQÁ RQ QHFURVLV0DQ\ F DQG FRQMXQFWLYDO VD

      HYSIOLOGY OF CHEMICAL EYE INJURIES

      rosis

      KHPLFDOLQMXULHVLVTXDQWLWDWLYHDQGGHSHQGVXSRQWKHTXDQWLW\ WVFRQFHQWUDWLRQDQGWKHSUHVVXUHRIDVSODVKKLWWLQJWKHH\HV GHVWUR\HGE\FKHPLFDODJHQWVZKLFK WKHQPD\SHQHWUDWH WKH KHVXEFRQMXQFWLYDOWLVVXHVLQFOXGLQJ7HQRQ·VFDSVXOHDQGHYHQ F\WHV FRQMXQFWLYDO ÀEURF\WHV DQG RWKHU OLYLQJ FHOOV EHFRPH EORRGFLUFXODWLRQLVGLVWXUEHG&RQVHTXHQWO\OLPEXVFRQMXQF EHFRPH LVFKHPLF )LJXUHV DQG 5HLP E 7KH HPLDPDUNVFOLQLFDOO\WKHH[WHQWDQGWKHVHYHULW\RIWKHGDPDJH UURVLYHDJHQWV LQWR WKHDQWHULRUFKDPEHUDQG WKHFLOLDU\ERG\ UDWLRQRIWKHLULVHFWURSLXPXYHDHDQGOHQVWXUELGLWLHV5HLP FNHONRUQ'DPDJHWRWKHFLOLDU\ERG\UHVXOWV LQK\SR QWKHWUDEHFXODUPHVKZRUNLQGXFHJODXFRPD

      ponse

      DPPDWLRQDUHUHOHDVHGLQQHFURWLFFHOOVDQGLQFHOOVERUGHULQJ RPSRXQGV DV VKRZQ LQ )LJXUH ZHUH DVVD\HG LQ FRUQHDO PSOHV IURP ERWK PRGHO H[SHULPHQWV DQG FOLQLFDO SDWLHQWV

      %KDWWDFKHUMHHHWDO 5RFKHOV5HLP WKHFRUQHDOVWURPD VPDOOHUSHSWLGHVZ 7KH\FROOHFWLYHO\ LQ +DVHEDHWDO

      Cytokines and G

      &\WRNLQHVDQGJU UHSRUWVDSSHDUHGRQ KLJK DPRXQWV RI WZ HQKDQFHV WKH UHJHQH HSLWKHOLDOFHOOVDQGÀ DQWDJRQLVWWR(*), JURZWKIDFWRUVDUHUH 0LVKLPDHWDO

      ,QH[SHULPHQWDOD LQWKHFRUQHDRQWKH WR,/FRPHVODWH RQWKHFRQFHQWUDWLRQ 6RWR]RQRDQG.LQRVK IRXQGLQWKHFRUQHDV

      5RFKHOVHWDO.XONDUQLDQG6ULQLYDVDQ DQG/HEHU%HFNHUHWDO5HLPHWDO,Q

      DONDOLK\GURO\]HGPDWUL[SURWHLQV:KLNHKDUWHWDOLQWR KLFKVKRZHGOHXFRWD[LVDQGDQWLJHQLFLW\3ÀVWHUHWDO GXFHGDQ LQÁDPPDWRU\UHVSRQVHIROORZLQJFKHPLFDO LQMXULHV 7KLHOHWDO

      rowth Factors in Cornea and Tears

      RZWKIDFWRUVSOD\DQLPSRUWDQWSDUWLQKHDOWKDQGGLVHDVH0DQ\ F\WRNLQHVLQRFXODUFHOOVDQGWLVVXHV1RUPDOWHDUVFRQWDLQUDWKHU R LPSRUWDQW JURZWK IDFWRUV HSLGHUPDO JURZWK IDFWRU (*) UDWLRQRI WKH FRUQHDO HSLWKHOLXP ,W VWLPXODWHVSUROLIHUDWLRQRI EUREODVWV7UDQVIRUPLQJJURZWKIDFWRUF7*)FLVDNLQGRI WLQKLELWVSUROLIHUDWLRQRIFRUQHDOHSLWKHOLXP3UHVXPDEO\ERWK VSRQVLEOHIRUKRPHRVWDVLVRIWKHVXUIDFHHSLWKHOLXP7DEOH .UXVHDQG7VHQJ ONDOLEXUQVZLWKRU11D2+LQWHUOHXNLQ,/EDSSHDUHG

      ÀUVWGD\DIWHUWKHLQMXU\DQGUHDFKHVPD[LPXPOHYHOVRQGD\V UDQGSHDNVRQGD\7KHOHYHOVRI,/DQG,/ZHUHGHSHQGHQW RIWKH1D2+XVHGLQWKHVHH[SHULPHQWV6RWR]RQRHWDO LWD,QWHUHVWLQJO\LQVHYHUHEXUQVE\11D2+,/ZDV DSSHDULQJDIWHUGDQGUHPDLQLQJRQUDWKHUKLJKOHYHOVIRUVHYHUDO

      ZHHNV LQGXFLQJ LQÀO L]DWLRQ5HFHQWO\,/ FRUQHDOJUDIWVIRUYDU KLJKOHYHOVRI,/DQ LQFOXGLQJVRPHVHYHU VKRZHGFOHDUO\WKDWK HDVH,QEHJLQQLQJGL

      7KHUHVXOWVRIF\ REVHUYDWLRQVNQRZQ WKHDIIHFWHGWLVVXHV PRUSKRQXFOHDUOHXNR /DWHUPDFURSKDJHV DO ZKLFK H FRQWLQXRXVUHOHDVHRI LQGXFHGDOORIWKHSU

      WUDWLRQRISRO\PRUSKRQXFOHDU OHXNRF\WHV DQGFRUQHDOYDVFXODU DQG,/ZHUHDQDO\]HGLQKXPDQFRUQHDOEXWWRQVREWDLQHGDW LRXVGLVHDVHV%HFNHUHWDO,QWKHLQÁDPPDWRU\FRUQHDV G,/ZHUHIRXQG)LJXUH,QUHODWLRQWRFOLQLFDOGLDJQRVHV HFKHPLFDOLQMXULHVF\WRNLQHOHYHOVLQWKHKXPDQFRUQHDOEXWWRQV LJKHULQWHUOHXNLQOHYHOVZHUHDVVRFLDWHGZLWKLQÁDPPDWRU\GLV VHDVH,/ZDVLQFUHDVHGODWHU,/UHDFKHGKLJKHVWOHYHOV WRNLQHOHYHOVLQKXPDQFRUQHDVDUHLQDJUHHPHQWZLWKFOLQLFDO IRUPDQ\\HDUV,PPHGLDWHO\DIWHUDFKHPLFDORUWKHUPDOLQMXU\ EHLQJQHFURWLFZHUHIUHHRIFHOOV+RZHYHUUDWKHUHDUO\SRO\ F\WHV301VZHUHDFWLYDWHGDQGLQYDGHGWKHGDPDJHGWLVVXHV SODVPDFHOOVDQGVXEVHTXHQWO\O\PSKRF\WHVIROORZHG5HLPHW QKDQFHG DQG PDLQWDLQHG LQÁDPPDWLRQ WR D ODUJH H[WHQW E\ F\WRNLQHVDQGVXSHUR[LGHUDGLFDOV%HFNHUHWDOZKLFK REOHPVOLVWHGLQ7DEOH

      Chemical Alterati

      &ROODJHQ DQG SU FRUQHDOVWURPDDQG FKHPLFDODJHQWVFKDQ VKUXQN &RQVHTXHQW .XFNHONRUQD DQGIRUDVZHOOLQJOH

      7KH DERYHPHQWL FRUQHDO VWURPD QRW FKDQJHGWKHFKHPLF 3ÀVWHUHWDO

      )RXU WR VL[ ZHH GHJUDGHGFRUQHDOFR LWLHVLQGXFHGFRUQHDO 5HLP5

      Stem Cell Insuffic

      6WHP FHOOV DUH F\FOH7KH\ IRUP W GHIHFWV&RWVDUHOLV HSLWKHOLXP RI WKH .UXVH,WIR YDVFXODUL]HG +RJD SKRORJLFDOFULWHULD =LHVNHHWDO WKH HQHUJ\ SURGXFL /DXZHU\QVHW DO IRUFRUQHDOHSLWKHOL

      Enzyme Activities

      :KHQVXUIDFHHS DQG ODFWDWH ZHUH UHO WZLFHWKHQRUPDOYDO 5HLPHWDO RFXODUVXUIDFHÁXLG 7KH1DFHW\OJOXFRVH ,WDSSHDUHGWR LQFDVHVRIPLOGDQG WKLVHQ]\PHWRWKHVX 5HLPHWDO

      ,QVHYHUHFKHPLF VWHPFHOOVRIWKHFRU FLUFXPIHUHQFH WKH

      on of Extracellular Matrix

      RWHRJO\FDQV ZLWKVWDQG ODUJHO\ WR FKHPLFDO DJHQWV 7KHUHIRUH VFOHUDWKHHQYHORSHVRIWKHH\HEDOOUHPDLQHGLQWDFW+RZHYHU JHGWKHPROHFXODUVWUXFWXUHRIWKHH[WUDFHOOXODUPDWUL[FROODJHQ O\ WKH D[LDO OHQJWK RI WKH JOREHV RIWHQ GHFUHDVHG 5HLP DQG QGWKHDQWHULRUVHJPHQWVEHFDPHWRRQDUURZDWFRUQHDOJUDIWLQJ QV RQHG VPDOO SHSWLGHV SURGXFHG E\ DONDOLQH K\GURO\VLV LQ WKH RQO\ LQGXFHG IXUWKHU GLVHDVH E\ WKHLU DQWLJHQLFLW\ EXW DOVR DOVWUXFWXUHRIWKHH[WUDFHOOXODUPDWUL[:KLNHKDUWHWDO

      NV DIWHU WKH EXUQ SURWHRO\WLF HQ]\PHV EHFDPH DFWLYDWHG DQG OODJHQDQGSURWHRJO\FDQV*QlGLQJHUHWDO7KHVHDFWLY XOFHUDWLRQDQGDQWHULRUVHJPHQWPHOWLQJ)LJXUH'RKOPDQ HLPDQG/HEHU5HLPHWDO

      iency

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

      and Metabolites on the Ocular Surface

      LWKHOLDRIWKHH\HZHUHPLOGO\DQGPRGHUDWHO\GDPDJHGJOXFRVH HDVHG DQG LQFUHDVHG LQ WHDUV /DFWDWH OHYHOV ZHUH HOHYDWHG WR XHVDQGJOXFRVHZDVHOHYDWHGXSWRÀYHWLPHVWKHQRUPDOYDOXHV $OVRDIWHURFXODUVXUIDFH WUDXPDHQ]\PHVZHUHIRXQGLQ WKH LQLWLDOO\FHOOXODUHQ]\PHVDIWHUVRPHGD\VO\VRVRPDOHQ]\PHV DPLQLGDVHZDVDVVD\HGDVDPDUNHUHQ]\PH5HLPDQG/HEHU JHWKHUZLWKPHWDOORSURWHLQDVHV*QlGLQJHUHWDO(YHQ PRGHUDWHH\HEXUQVDQGLQDWRSLFFRQMXQFWLYLWLVWKHUHOHDVHRI

      UIDFHÁXLGUHDFKHGÀYHWRWHQWLPHVWKHQRUPDODFWLYLWLHV)LJXUH DOLQMXULHVZKHQGHHSSRUFHODLQZKLWHLVFKHPLDKDGRFFXUUHG QHDOHSLWKHOLXPZHUHGHVWUR\HG,QWKHVHUHJLRQVRIWKHOLPEDO FRUQHDO HSLWKHOLXP EHFDPH LQVXIÀFLHQW WR UHJHQHUDWH 7KLV

      FRQGLWLRQLQGXFHGSH $IWHU WR DO5HLP DQGPHOWHG ,VFKHP DGMDFHQW KHDOWK\ FR SUROLIHUDWLRQWLVVXH PDWUL[PHWDOOR SURW DPLQLGDVH1$F*$ FRQGLWLRQZDV FOLQLF WUDXPD5HLP

      ,IWKHSUROLIHUDWLR WKHGHQXGHGFRUQHDO SUROLIHUDWLRQWLVVXHSU ZLWKKLJKO\YDVFXODU

      (DUO\ VXUJLFDO LQ VXUIDFH SURKLELWHG R 5HLPDQG7HSLQJ

      Changes of the C

      &KDQJHVRIHOHFW HWDO)LVFKHUQ EXUQVVRGLXP1D

      GHQXGHGVWURPDZDV /DQJHIHOG HW %66ZDVXVHG WKH ORVVRIVXOIDWHDIWHUW

      UVLVWHQWHSLWKHOLDOGHIHFWV7KRIW5HLPDQG.XFNHONRUQ ZHHNV YDU\LQJ VXSHUÀFLDO FRUQHDO XOFHUV DSSHDUHG 5HLP HW 'XULQJWKLVWLPHWKHLVFKHPLFFRQMXQFWLYDEHFDPHQHFURWLF LF VFOHUDZDV H[SRVHG:LWK WKH LQÁDPPDWRU\ UHVSRQVH WKH QMXQFWLYD ZDV KHDYLO\ LQÀOWUDWHG E\ OHXNRF\WHV DQG IRUPHG ZKLFKUHOHDVHGKLJKDFWLYLWLHVRIO\VRVRPDOHQ]\PHVVXFKDV HLQDVHV 003V DQG WKH PDUNHU HQ]\PH 1DFHW\OJOXFRVH 5HLP5HLPDQG/HEHU5HLPHWDO7KLV DOO\PDUNHGZLWK FRUQHRVFOHUDO XOFHUDWLRQ ²ZHHNV SRVW DE QWLVVXHSURFHHGHGWRRVORZO\WRFRYHUWKHLVFKHPLFVFOHUDDQG VWURPDWKHWLVVXHVZHUHPHOWHGE\WKH003V)LJXUH,I RFHHGHGIDVWHUWKHLVFKHPLFUHJLRQDQGWKHFRUQHDZHUHFRYHUHG L]HGSUROLIHUDWLRQDQGVFDUWLVVXH WHUYHQWLRQ ZLWK 7HQRQ SODVW\ DQG SURWHFWLRQ RI WKH FRUQHDO U KHDOHG FRUQHRVFOHUDO XOFHUDWLRQ DQG WKHUHE\ VDYHG WKH H\HV 5HLPHWDO.XFNHONRUQHWDO

      ontents of Na1+, K1+, Cl1-, and SO42-

      URO\WHOHYHOVZHUHDQRWKHUDVSHFWRISDWKRSK\VLRORJ\6FKUDJH HWDO,QWKHFRUQHDOVWURPDDIWHUH[SHULPHQWDODONDOL

      FKORULGH&ODQGVXOIDWH62ZHUHGHFUHDVHGZKHQWKH ULQVHGIRXUWLPHVGDLO\ZLWKVDOLQH7DEOH6FKUDJHHWDO DO )LVFKHUQ HW DO :KHQEDODQFHG VDOW VROXWLRQ GHFUHDVHRIHOHFWURO\WHVZDVOHVVVHYHUH+RZHYHU WKHVHYHUH KHEXUQFRXOGQRWEHUHVWLWXWHGE\ULQVLQJ

      Calcification and

      0RUHRYHU ZKHQ EXIIHURULIWKH\ZHU RUSKRVSKDWHVDOWVR FDWLRQZDVREVHUYHG ²5HLPHWDO REWDLQHGIURPEXUQW D UHPDUNDEO\ KLJK F 6FKLUQHU HW D KDQGE\LPSXULWLHVL GXFWLRQRISDUWLFOHVZ VWURPDVXUIDFH5HLP

      Scarring

      ,QPDQ\FDVHVW HUHG WKHZKROHDQWH LQGXFHGV\PEOHSKDU 5HLPD

      Contamination

      H\HV GHQXGHG IURP HSLWKHOLXP ZHUH ULQVHG ZLWK SKRVSKDWH HWUHDWHGZLWKH\HGURSVFRQWDLQLQJSKRVSKDWHEXIIHUDVVROYHQW IGUXJVVXFKDVSUHGQLVRORQHSKRVSKDWHUDSLGFRUQHDOFDOFLÀ LQFOLQLFDOSDWLHQWVDQGLQPRGHOH[SHULPHQWV7DEOH)LJXUHV 6FKUDJHHWDO,QDGGLWLRQKXPDQFRUQHDOEXWWRQV H\HVRQNHUDWRSODVW\DVZHOODVFRQMXQFWLYDOVDPSOHVUHYHDOHG RQWDPLQDWLRQ E\ YDULRXVPHWDOV DQGPLQHUDOV 6FKUDJH DW HO O 7KHVH FRQWDPLQDWLRQVZHUH H[SODLQHG RQ RQH QWKHWHVWPDWHULDOVDQGRQWKHRWKHUKDQGE\VHFRQGDU\LQWUR LWKRSKWKDOPLFVROXWLRQVXVHGLQWRSLFDOWKHUDS\RQWKHGHQXGHG HWDO

      KHXOFHUDWLRQVGLGQRWSHUIRUDWH7KHQSUROLIHUDWLRQWLVVXHFRY ULRUH\HVHJPHQWDQG WUDQVIRUPHG LW LQWRVKULQNLQJVFDUV7KLV DWKDWWKHPRWLOLW\RIWKHJOREHZDVUHVWULFWHG5HLPDQG6DULF RUWKHJOREHZDVWRWDOO\LPPRELOL]HG+HDOLQJRIWKHVHFDVHV

      ZDVVHYHUHO\FRPSOLF VXUJLFDO UHKDELOLWDWLR EHUHVWRUHGWKHSULP WRDYRLGLWVQHRYDVFX SRVVLEOH)LJXUH

      DWHGE\WKHLQÁDPPDWRU\UHDFWLRQZKLFKRIWHQUHFXUUHGZKHQ QZDVDWWHPSWHG$V WKLV FRQGLWLRQZDVH[WUHPHO\GLIÀFXOW WR DU\JRDORIWKHUDS\PXVWEHWRDFKLHYHDWUDQVSDUHQWFRUQHDDQG ODUL]DWLRQDVZHOODVHSLEXOEDUDQGSDOSHEUDOVFDUVDVPXFKDV

      +HDOWK\FRUQHDO YLVLEOHZLWKWKHFRQI LEOHWUDXPDLVDSWWR 0LFURWHFKQLTXHRID WDLQLQJRQO\DIHZFH VKRZHGLPSDLUHGFHO WKHRFXODUVXUIDFHLQ

      ASPECTS OF REPAIR

      HSLWKHOLXPLVZHOOHTXLSSHGIRUGHIHQVH0LQRUWUDXPDPD\EH RFDOUDWKHUWKDQZLWKWKHVOLWODPSPLFURVFRSH+RZHYHULQYLV

      FDXVHDOWHUDWLRQRIFRUQHDOPHWDEROLVPDQGF\WRNLQHDFWLYLWLHV QDO\VHVDOORZVH[DPLQDWLRQRIVLQJOHFRUQHDVDQGVDPSOHVFRQ OOV7KHUHIRUHDQDO\VHVRIPHWDEROLWHVVXFKDV$73DQGODFWDWH OYLWDOLW\&\WRNLQHVDQGHQ]\PHDFWLYLWLHVLQWKHFRUQHDDQGRQ IRUPRQFHOOUHVSRQVHVWRWUDXPDDQGGLVHDVH

      7KHGHQXGHGFRU DWWHQWLRQ(';$6F WURO\WHVLQWKHFRUQHD YLVLEOHHGHPDWKDWK FHQWUDWLRQVRIVRGLXP

      7KHXQGHUVWDQGLQ RFXODUVXUIDFHLVVWLO

      $OWHUDWLRQV RI F 5HFHQWO\WKHUROHRI DQG.LQRVKLWD HWDO6DOODHW WHURLGV WR LQKLELW WK )DJHUKROP 7 DQG 7HQRQ·V WLVVXH ELRORJLFDOIDFWRUVDU

      7KHÀQGLQJVWKD RIVWURPDOHOHFWURO\W WR PDLQWDLQ D SK\VLR VWURPDZKLFKLVDSW VWURPDOPDWUL[6FKU

      $WSUHVHQWIRUÀ WHULQHŠIURP3UHYRU LWFRQWDLQVDQDPSKR )ROORZLQJ ÀUVW DLG

      QHDOVWURPDLVDQH[SRVHGXQSURWHFWHGWLVVXHDQGQHHGVVSHFLDO KUDJHHWDO UHYHDOHGDOWHUDWLRQVRI HOHPHQWVDQGHOHF OVWURPD,IWKHHSLWKHOLXPLVGHIHFWLWLVQRWRQO\WKHFOLQLFDOO\ XUWV WKHFRUQHDEXWDOVRUDSLGDQGVHYHUHFKDQJHV LQ WKHFRQ SRWDVVLXPFKORULGHVXOIDWHDQGODFWDWH JRISDWKRSK\VLRORJ\LQFKHPLFDODQGWKHUPDO LQMXULHVRI WKH OLQFRPSOHWHDQGQHHGVIXUWKHULPSURYHPHQW HOO ELRORJ\ LQ H\H EXUQV DUH EHJLQQLQJ WR EH XQGHUVWRRG VRPHJURZWKIDFWRUVDQGF\WRNLQHVZDVH[SORUHG6RWR]RQR 7KHVLJQLÀFDQFHRINHUDWRF\WHVZDVMXVWUHDOL]HG5HGEUDNH DO0¡OOHU3HGHUVHQHWDO7KHXVHRIFRUWLFRV H LQÁDPPDWRU\ UHDFWLRQ LV VWLOO FRQWURYHUVLDO &KXQJ DQG KH H[SHULHQFH ZLWK F\WRVWDWLF GUXJV WR UHGXFH FRQMXQFWLYDO SUROLIHUDWLRQ LV OLPLWHG 1HZ FRPSRXQGV WR PRGXODWH FHOO HXQGHULQYHVWLJDWLRQ WULQVLQJÁXLGVDQGH\HGURSVROYHQWVLQÁXHQFHGFRQFHQWUDWLRQV HVVXJJHVWHGDVHDUFKIRUÁXLGFRPSRVLWLRQVWKDWZLOOEHDEOH ORJLFDO HQYLURQPHQW IRU WKH RFXODU VXUIDFH DQG WKH GHQXGHG WRDYRLGFRUQHDOFDOFLÀFDWLRQDQGWKHORVVRIVXOIDWHIURPWKH

      DJHHWDO UVWDLGLQFKHPLFDOLQMXULHVWKHEXIIHUHGK\SHURVPRODU'LSKR 3DULVVHHPHGWREHXVHIXO$VLGHIURPDQRQSKRVSKDWHEXIIHU WKHULFPROHFXOHZLWKWKHFDSDFLW\WRELQGDQLRQVDQGFDWLRQV IRU IXUWKHU ULQVLQJ VWHULOHZDWHU RU VDOLQHPD\ EH DV JRRG DV

      EDODQFHGVDOWVROXWLR VROXWLRQ.RPSDHWD VROXEOHFDXVWLFPDWH

      ,QDGGLWLRQPHG DQG WKHUHE\ SUHYHQW WUHDWPHQWVOLNHSHULG JUDIWV OLPEDO DQG D NHUDWRSURWKHVHVDUHL XDWLRQRI UHVXOWVJDY RIFKDQFHVIRUPDQ\ \HDUVDJRDQGHD

      QIRURSKWKDOPRORJLFDODSSOLFDWLRQV%66RU5LQJHU·VODFWDWH O,QFRQWLQXHGULQVLQJK\SRRVPRODUVROXWLRQVUHPRYHG ULDODQGFRQWDPLQDWLRQVIURPWKHVWURPD6FKUDJHHWDO LFDO WKHUDS\ LV LPSHUDWLYH WRVXSSUHVV LQÁDPPDWRU\ UHVSRQVHV VHTXHOV RI FKHPLFDO DQG WKHUPDO LQMXULHV +RZHYHU VXUJLFDO HFWRP\QHFURVHFWRP\7HQRQSODVW\FRUQHDODQGFRQMXQFWLYDO PQLRWLF PHPEUDQH WUDQVSODQWDWLRQ DUWLÀFLDO HSLWKHOLXP DQG QGLVSHQVDEOHDQGGHÀQLWHO\LPSURYHUHVXOWV5HWURVSHFWLYHHYDO H LQVLJKW LQWRSUREOHPVDQGFRPSOLFDWLRQV DQGJDYHHYLGHQFH SDWLHQWVZLWKVHYHUHO\EXUQHGH\HVWKDWZRXOGKDYHEHHQORVW UOLHU.XFNHONRUQHWDO5HLPDQG.XFNHONRUQ

      References

      T&F logoTaylor & Francis Group logo
      • Policies
        • Privacy Policy
        • Terms & Conditions
        • Cookie Policy
        • Privacy Policy
        • Terms & Conditions
        • Cookie Policy
      • Journals
        • Taylor & Francis Online
        • CogentOA
        • Taylor & Francis Online
        • CogentOA
      • Corporate
        • Taylor & Francis Group
        • Taylor & Francis Group
        • Taylor & Francis Group
        • Taylor & Francis Group
      • Help & Contact
        • Students/Researchers
        • Librarians/Institutions
        • Students/Researchers
        • Librarians/Institutions
      • Connect with us

      Connect with us

      Registered in England & Wales No. 3099067
      5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG © 2022 Informa UK Limited