ABSTRACT
The genus Illicium is small, comprising about 50 species of which therapeutic use is not very extensive, with the exception of star anise (the ripe fruit of I. verum). Star anise is known as a spice as well as for its medicinal use. Star anise oil distilled from the fruits of I. verum has been widely used as a substitute for anise oil (Pimpinella anisum) or fennel oil (Foeniculum vulgare) because of the aromatic resemblance caused by anethole. Illicium species are found in South and Southeast Asia and North America, where some of them have been used as a traditional medicine. Most Illicium species, however, are poisonous, and special care is necessary for their use. Scientific investigations of the bioactive components including toxic properties have been carried out on I. verum, I. anisatum, and some other Illicium species.
