ABSTRACT
The surgical techniques for renal transplantation developed in the past five decades differ very little from the original pelvic operation described in 19 51 by Kiiss and the first successful transplantation by Murray between identical twins. Modifications and technical refinements have resulted in a safe and effective procedure that can be routinely applied to most patients with minimal associated surgical complications or morbidity. Indeed the goal of transplantation surgery is to ensure that immunological rejection is still the primary, if not the only, reason for graft loss.
