ABSTRACT
Quantum information technology focuses on the quantum-state engineering of a system, with which the quantum states of the system can be prepared, manipulated and readout quantum mechanically. Recently, the "macroscopic" quantum effects in low-capacitance Josephson-junction circuits have received renewed attention because suitable Josephson devices may be used as qubits for quantum information processing (QIP) (Makhlin et al., 1999, 2001 and Mooij et al., 1999) and are expected to be scalable to large-scale circuits using modern micro fabrication techniques.
