ABSTRACT
Laparotomy This is often carried out for obstruction, gastrointestinal bleeding, or peritonitis. A midline incision above and below the umbilicus is done to allow access to most abdominal organs. Opening the peritoneal cavity may give an immediate clue to the diagnosis, especially if it is faecal peritonitis. The abdomen is explored and the specific surgical procedure performed as indicated. A colostomy may be required.
