ABSTRACT
On 22 April 1915, the German army launched a massive chlorine gas cloud attack at Ypres, France. Some 5,000 Allied troops died and a further 15,000 became casualties. Subsequently, both sides strove not only to find new, more effective chemical warfare agents for a range of purposes (Table 7.1) and to devise improved methods of deploying them on the battlefield, but also to develop and mass produce means whereby their own forces could be provided with some protection against chemical attack. In addition, methods of treating casualties were continually scrutinized with the aim of not only minimizing suffering, but also speeding the return of casualties to their units.
