ABSTRACT
The traditional concerns of electric utilities about the security of their substation assets have centered on protecting the substation from physical threats, both natural and human threats. With the significant exception of countries with civil strife, the main human threats were believed to be from an individual disgruntled employee, angry customer, or politically motivated vandal. In the case of all of these threats, the malfeasant had to be within or physically close to the substation to cause any damage. Traditionally, providing physical security meant having fences, locked gates, security cameras, SCADA-monitored intrusion alarms, and occasional visits by utility staff.
