ABSTRACT
Note: The practice and study of water hydraulics is not new. Even in medieval times, water hydraulics was not new. “Medieval Europe had inherited a highly developed range of Roman hydraulic components.”2 The basic conveyance technology, based on lowpressure systems of pipe and channels, was already established. In studying modern water hydraulics, it is important to remember that the science of water hydraulics is the direct result of two immediate and enduring problems: “The acquisition of fresh water and access to continuous strip of land with a suitable gradient between the source and the destination.”3
