ABSTRACT

Pines are among the most widely used of plants throughout their range (Standley 19201926, Moerman 1998). Many pines have been employed in North American medicines, e.g., Pinus palustris and P. rigida have stimulant, laxative, diuretic, pectoral, vermifuge, discutient, antiherpetic, detergent, baslasic, and vulnerary properties (Vogel 1970). Pine tar was in the U.S. Pharmacopoeia between 1820 and 1950 and has been in the National Formulary from 1950 to the present; it is considered an antibacterial, irritant, parasiticide, and expectorant.