ABSTRACT
Some specialized designs for areal sampling have evolved from the widely used designs of Bitterlich sampling and line intersect sampling. In this chapter, we describe four of these specialized designs from a discrete-population perspective. We also provide brief overviews of the ranked set sampling and adaptive cluster sampling designs. More comprehensive information on these latter two designs can be found elsewhere. Finally, we present 3P sampling, a variant of Poisson sampling. 3P sampling is not an areal design, but it is often used in a second-stage of sampling, where the first-stage units are selected with an areal frame.
