ABSTRACT
Spine therapeutics and surgery for spine diseases have undergone long development periods-spine surgeries, particularly laminectomies, have been performed for over a century. Hypotheses concerning spine diseases are now undergoing radical revamping based on new information about the pathogenesis of pain syndromes, basic biology of bone and disc tissue, cellular replacement therapy and stem cells, development of the potential for arthroplasty instead of joint fusion, and refining of knowledge about spine biomechanics and appropriate forms of stabilization.
