ABSTRACT
Introduction 164
Caffeine and Ischemic Brain Damage 164
Caffeine and Epilepsy 166
Acute and Chronic Caffeine Consumption Have Opposite Effects in Ischemia and Epilepsy 167
Mechanisms Underlying the Protective Effects of Chronic Caffeine Exposure in Ischemia and Epilepsy
Conclusion 168
References 168
INTRODUCTION
Human caffeine use is typically chronic. However, many of the studies that explore the actions of caffeine are acute studies, both in animals and humans. It is therefore important to realize that there are, in several instances, important differences between the effects of acute and long-term treatment (see Jacobson et al., 1996). We will discuss such differences in relation to two potentially important outcomes: damage following ischemia and seizure susceptibility.
