ABSTRACT
The cement industry is globally a gigantic one, with a production level exceeding 4 billion tons per year, and the industry that shaped up in 1924 on the foundation of rudimentary Portland cement has survived and grown over almost two centuries to produce—on a massive scale—a large variety of well-composed Portland cements to meet the diverse applications of our built environment. Clearly, this would not have happened without innovation, research, and development.
