ABSTRACT
18.i.1. Spira, A. and Servent, B., Smoking and the fetus, Lancet, 1, 1416—1417, 1976. Smoking has a direct effect on the placenta and fetus rather than an indirect effect mediated through low maternal weight gain. Absence of differences in placental weight between smokers and nonsmokers and histological evidence from placentas of smokers suggests hypoxia as mechanism for this direct effect.
