ABSTRACT
The best way to prevent the liquid in a pipeline from freezing in cold weather is to bury the pipe below the frostline, which depends on geographic location. The purpose of tracing and jacketing is to heat pipelines to prevent freezing in cold weather. Electric heating by placing or wrapping resistance heating elements, such as a heating ribbon, around a pipe is another way to heat pipelines. Corrosion is the second largest cause of pipeline damage. Corrosion is defined as being the gradual damage of pipe due to chemical or electrochemical reactions of pipes with their environment. The electrical resistivity of the soil around a pipe affects the corrosion of the pipe. It is often measured as part of the work related to cathodic protection. Erosion corrosion in slurry pipelines is especially prominent in areas affected by particle impacts, such as on the outer bends of elbows transporting the slurry.
