ABSTRACT
Several types of chemical compounds can be included in finish formulations to improve the effectiveness of those compositions. Generally, these materials are added in low concentrations, but they have very important effects on the finish and the yarn to which the finish is applied. The peroxide decomposers, generally known as secondary antioxidants, function by breaking down hydroperoxides through polar reactions, thereby inhibiting the initiation step. Free radical initiation can be produced by many different processes during manufacturing, including heat, shear stress, bimolecular reactions of compounds with oxygen, and photochemical reactions. Engine crankcase oils are generally protected against oxidation by 1–2% of a zinc dithiophosphate or a terpene or other olefin–phosphorus pentasulfide reaction product mixture. Although a large number of defoamers are manufactured and are available in commercial quantities, many are not appropriate for textile applications. The first antimicrobial agent to be used in spin finishes was probably silver nitrate.
