ABSTRACT
Anatomy is given for three body subassemblies: the spine, the upper extremity, and the foot. Work physiology deals primarily with the response of the cardiovascular system to exercise. This chapter begins with an introduction to the anatomy of the cardiovascular system. It provides a brief discussion on biomechanical software. The chapter also provides information on lever systems; force capability; and gender, age, and training effects. It quantifies human variability—put it into numbers. Mental work is described briefly. Finally, anthropometry values are given with design emphasis on minimizing the number of people excluded. Although many anthropometric characteristics are not precisely fitted by a normal distribution, the normal distribution will give answers that are close enough, and so the normal distribution is used. If only male anthropometric data for a population are available, the female dimensions can be estimated as 93% of the corresponding male dimensions; males and females differ primarily in leg length rather than torso or arm length.
