ABSTRACT
R. M. Garrels and C. L. Christ's fence diagram and the more elaborate geochemical barrier concept introduced by A. I. Perel' man aid in estimating the mobility of some ions in the more complex geochemical environments. Trace elements, because of their low concentrations, may only be removed from the water if major components are being precipitated. In moderately alkaline environments carbonates are precipitated, and many trace metals co-precipitate with them. pH measures the ability of the environment to supply hydrogen ions to the solution. The pH would probably be moderately acid because of the dissolved organic matter and the lack of bases in the water. The dissolved oxygen will react with organic matter present in the environment, forming carbon dioxide. The dominant sulfur species in most natural environments are sulfate and sulfide. The primary source of all nitrogen species is atmospheric nitrogen gas.
