ABSTRACT
The most important of the periodic citizen outbursts were the Great Sanitary Awakening at the end of the 19th Century and the Green Movement at the end of the 20th Century. The Green Movement was stopped in its tracks in the late 1990s because it was not politically prepared for the strong and well-financed reaction of large commercial and industrial corporations. The beginning of the 21st Century would be an ideal time for the citizen-based watershed associations to take away control of the rivers and oceans from the industrial interests that have predominated in America. The nascent watershed associations, led by the most mature of the groups in New England, should adopt new and sustainable planning concepts for restoration of the rivers. Perhaps the most delicate aspect of development of these new watershed associations will be for them to protect themselves from industrial interference.
