ABSTRACT
This chapter provides only a slight insight into some methods of the solution of normal equations, commonly applied in geodetic and survey adjustments. The required accuracy of the corrections ultimately determines the number of decimals for the coefficients to be carried through the normal equations. The observations and the misclosures are given with one decimal. The coefficients of the normal equations depend on the selected mathematical model, and the covariance matrix of the observations. Usually a proper reconnaissance in the field leads to the formation of a geometrical figure that does not result in ill conditioned normal equations. Many methods have been developed to solve normal equations. Practical difficulties were encountered especially with large systems. For this reason schemes have been designed for subdividing a system into groups which could be solved independently after being submitted to a linear transformation.
