ABSTRACT
Diagnosis. Adults generally with 11 flagellomeres; flagellomeres never annulated but sometimes with other cutlcular sculpture patterns (as Fig. 19). Hypopharyngeal filaments fused on midline most of their length, separate only near distal ends Fig. 17. Labial palpus lacking basal segment Fig. 537. consisting only of single rounded or triangular distal segment. Tarsi of adult two or three segmented. Wings generally present, sometimes reduced. Forewing generally with sclerotized pterostigma; Cu 1a usually looping forward from marginal branching with Cu1b; Cu2 and IA ending together on wing margin Fig. 107; IIA sometimes present. Subgenital plate large, lacking median sclerite. Ovipositor with three valvulae on each side or reduced, occasionally absent. Paraproct usually without a stout spine on free margin except in some forms with much reduced wings.
