ABSTRACT
This chapter presents water and wastewater characteristics that can be expressed by mathematical equations or models and then formulated into workable computer programs. It also includes computer programs dealing with water resources and sources, usage, and groundwater flow. Water and wastewater may experience variations in temperature due to climatic influences, hot discharges, and industrial discharges. The characteristics of water or wastewater are important for such purposes as: Classification of water and wastewater characteristics involves physical, chemical, biological and radiological parameters. The main factors that influence groundwater flow are the following: Movement of groundwater starts from levels of higher energy to levels of lower energy. Salinity may be described as the total solids in water remaining after all carbonates have been converted to oxides, all bromide and iodide have been replaced by chloride, and all organic matter has been oxidized.
