ABSTRACT
This chapter first explores the different types of user costs. These include the value of time spent in travel, fuel consumption, parking, accidents, tire wear, motor oil, and transit and taxi fares. Travel-time savings are estimated on the basis of speed and distance changes inherent in the transportation/land-use plans being proposed. The cost of parking shows up as a business expense, which is passed on to the customer in the form of higher prices for goods and services. Accidents were analyzed according to the extent of injuries and property damage. Most transit systems have special rates for senior citizens, students, and children. The chapter then turns to the influence on these of relevant human activities, with particular emphasis on land-use changes (since these can both affect, and be affected by transportation). It also describes a small number of relevant external factors.
