ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses the practical use of map projections by the examination of several applications which serve as extended examples. It concerns map projections in the Southern Hemisphere indicating what is needed to make the transformations valid in the Southern Hemisphere. The chapter considers the distortion introduced in the transformation from the reference spheroid onto the authalic sphere. It provides an example of how distances on any two surfaces can be compared. The example of distances on the loxodrome shows how the special features of the Mercator and the gnomonic projections are used in navigation. Map projection equations provide the basis for the display of data generated by tracking systems. The chapter compared the results of using the three most popular projections for tracking system displays, the azimuthal equidistant, the orthographic, and the gnomonic. The final example concerns differential distances about a position. This is an approximate method for obtaining the direct and inverse transformations on a large-scale map.
