ABSTRACT
Analytical measurements seek to define the contents of a process stream and thus enable control of its composition. Some analytical measurements are physical; others are electrochemical. Many other analytical measurements, such as conductivity, pH, oxidation-reduction potential, and specific ion concentration, are electrochemical. Instruments calibrated in terms of concentration of electrolyte read percent concentration, grams per litre, parts per million, and the like, for the range specified. This type of calibration is made to the conductivity values within the specified range of concentration, and at a specified temperature of a given electrolyte. Fouling or damaging the electrodes is thus minimized, and the cells may easily be cleaned chemically or with a bottle brush. The platinum electrodes in these cells are coated with platinum black to minimize polarization effects. This glass contains a chamber filled with a solution of constant pH. An internal electrode conductor element immersed in the internal solution is connected to the electrode lead.
