ABSTRACT

The density of materials is affected by temperature. Many solids expand when hot. Fluids also become less dense when warm. Water has the peculiar property of being most dense at four degrees Celsius. The density of most liquids is not affected by pressure. For all practical purposes, water is considered an incompressible fluid; 62.4 pounds of water occupies a volume of one cubic foot, regardless of the pressure applied to it. Flow is the quantity of water passing a point in a given unit of time. Under the assumption of steady state flow, the flow that enters the pipe is the same flow that exits the pipe. The displacement causes a rise in water level equivalent to the volume of the submerged object. An object partially submerged displaces a volume of water equivalent to the volume of the section. Since one is dealing only with earthly water systems, for our purposes mass and weight are the same quantity.