ABSTRACT
Genetic engineering proper comes into play when structural changes in DNA, and, therefore, gene manipulations are carried out by human intervention. Changes in cells, that is mutations, occur naturally at all times. Such events are haphazard and can result in either beneficial or damaging effects to the organism. Frequently, they are of a minor nature and essentially benign. The prevailing opinion is that every mammalian body, including the human body, carries a number of gene defects which, however, are entirely inconsequential and do not affect the normal process of life.
