ABSTRACT
This chapter describes the principles, functioning, effectiveness, advantages, and disadvantages of these techniques. It focuses on the alternative methods, other than hand-off. The chapter outlines the methods used to obtain the independent branches that are how the information can be repeated over independent paths. It examines the methods of combining the received signals in order to obtain the best output signal. The chapter explores six techniques to combat fast fading— namely, space, polarization, angle, frequency, time, and hopping diversities. It also describes the space, polarization, angle, frequency, time, and hopping diversity techniques. The chapter argues that the information is redundantly transmitted over independent branches. Fading is considered to be one of the main causes of performance degradation in a mobile radio system. Fading counteraction is usually carried out by means of diversity methods, the principles of which are based on the fact that the instances of fading occurring on independent channels constitute independent events.
