ABSTRACT
This chapter introduces some fundamental concepts and approaches of fault detection and diagnosis. The isolation and identification tasks together are referred to as fault diagnosis. The methods of fault detection and diagnosis may be classified into two major groups: those which do not utilize the mathematical model of the plant and those which do. Model-based fault detection and diagnosis methods utilize an explicit mathematical model of the monitored plant. Most of the model-based fault detection and diagnosis methods rely on the concept of analytical redundancy. The model based approach takes one of its origins from chemical process control, where the traditional material and energy balance calculations evolved into systematic data reconciliation and the detection of gross errors. Similarly, the output of the combined Manifold and Air-Fuel Subsystems can be computed without taking the manifold absolute pressure measurement into account. Therefore temperature variations may be mis-diagnosed as sensor faults.
