Exceptional Lie algebras of type D4. | 6 | Exceptional Lie Algebras |

ABSTRACT

A Lie algebra https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780203756478/4cadc9cc-32ae-4840-8f83-07e1ed499955/content/pg30_1.tif"/> over https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780203756478/4cadc9cc-32ae-4840-8f83-07e1ed499955/content/pg30_2.tif"/> is said to be of type D₄ if https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780203756478/4cadc9cc-32ae-4840-8f83-07e1ed499955/content/pg30_3.tif"/> for https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780203756478/4cadc9cc-32ae-4840-8f83-07e1ed499955/content/pg30_4.tif"/> the algebraic closure of https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780203756478/4cadc9cc-32ae-4840-8f83-07e1ed499955/content/pg30_5.tif"/> . Let https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780203756478/4cadc9cc-32ae-4840-8f83-07e1ed499955/content/pg30_6.tif"/> be a central simple associative algebra of degree 8 (dimension 64) over https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780203756478/4cadc9cc-32ae-4840-8f83-07e1ed499955/content/pg30_7.tif"/> which has an involution J (of first kind). Then J extends to an involution in https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780203756478/4cadc9cc-32ae-4840-8f83-07e1ed499955/content/pg30_8.tif"/> the eight-rowed matrix algebra over https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780203756478/4cadc9cc-32ae-4840-8f83-07e1ed499955/content/pg30_9.tif"/> . It is well known that the extension J has one of the following forms: a ⟶ a′ (the transpose of a) or a ⟶ q⁻¹ where q′ = –q. Let https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780203756478/4cadc9cc-32ae-4840-8f83-07e1ed499955/content/pg30_10.tif"/> be the Lie algebra of J-skew elements of https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780203756478/4cadc9cc-32ae-4840-8f83-07e1ed499955/content/pg30_11.tif"/> . Then https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780203756478/4cadc9cc-32ae-4840-8f83-07e1ed499955/content/pg30_12.tif"/> is the Lie algebra of J-skew matrices in https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780203756478/4cadc9cc-32ae-4840-8f83-07e1ed499955/content/pg30_13.tif"/> . If a^J = a′ then this is an algebra https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780203756478/4cadc9cc-32ae-4840-8f83-07e1ed499955/content/pg30_14.tif"/> . Hence in this case https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780203756478/4cadc9cc-32ae-4840-8f83-07e1ed499955/content/pg30_15.tif"/> is of type D₄. We shall call algebras obtained in this way special Lie algebras of type D₄; otherwise an algebra of type D₄ is exceptional. We proceed to construct some exceptional Lie algebras of type D₄.