ABSTRACT
Titrimetric analysis is one of the major divisions of analytical chemistry, and the calculations involved are based on the simple stoichiometric relationships of chemical reactions. A titration is performed by adding exactly the volume of a standard solution needed to react with an unknown quantity of a second substance. The standard solution is called the titrant; the volume of titrant needed for the titration is carefully measured by means of a buret. If the volume and concentration of the titrant are known, the unknown quantity of the substance titrated can be calculated. The concentration of the titrant commonly used is molarity or normality. The excess titrant is back-titrated with a reagent that will react rapidly with it. The calculation method is to obtain a number of milliliters of titrant used to combine with the substance titrated, and then to calculate the results as was done for a direct titration.
