ABSTRACT
When studying the kinetics of heterogeneous reactions or when designing a large catalytic reactor, there are more factors to consider than when dealing with homogeneous reactions. For a solid-catalyzed reaction, the rate depends on the reactant concentrations at the catalyst surface, but these are not the same as the bulk concentrations, because some driving force is needed for mass transfer to the surface. If the catalyst is porous, as is usually the case, there are further differences in the concentration between the fluid at the external surface and the fluid in the catalyst pores. Models must be developed to predict the surface concentrations as functions of the partial pressures or concentration in the gas or liquid, and the rate expression can then be written in terms of the fluid concentrations.
