ABSTRACT
Consider a straight section of pipe filled with a pressurized liquid or gas. The internal pressure generates three principal stresses in the pipe wall, as illustrated in Figure 4-1: a hoop stress σh (also referred to as circumferential or tangential stress), a longitudinal stress (also referred to as axial stress), and a radial stress σr. When the ratio of the pipe diameter to its wall thickness D/t is greater than 20 the pipe may be considered to be thin wall [Cooper, BS 8010]. In this case, the hoop stress is nearly constant through the wall thickness and equal to https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> σ h = PD 2 t https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780429213458/5d4b0faa-47a4-4dfb-8c1d-5bb08679f354/content/eqn0007.tif" xmlns:xlink="https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"/>
P = design pressure, psi
D = outside pipe diameter, in
t = pipe wall thickness, in
