ABSTRACT
Changes in fluid or ambient temperature can have five effects on a piping system: (1) a global or flexibility effect in the form of movements and stresses as the pipe expands and contracts, (2) a local effect in the form of local temperature gradients in the pipe wall as the temperature changes locally, for example when injecting cold water in a hot line, (3) at sufficiently high temperature, creep will take place accompanied by metallurgical changes, (4) changes in mechanical properties, with a loss of toughness at low temperature and a softening at high temperatures, and (5) changes in corrosion mechanisms or corrosion rate. The global effects will be reviewed first. The local and creep effects will be discussed later in this chapter. The changes in mechanical properties are addressed in Chapter 2, and corrosion is addressed in Chapter 20.
