ABSTRACT
Monopole antennas, with a vertical element at the center of a disk ground plane in proximity to flat earth, are characterized by at least six parameters: three antenna structure parameters (element length, element radius, and ground plane radius in wavelengths) and three earth parameters (dielectric constant, loss tangent, and height in wavelengths of the ground plane above the earth’s surface). In contrast, only three parameters are required when the structure is in free space (see Sec. 2.1). The additional three parameters not only increase the complexity of modeling antenna performance but also increase the difficulty of obtaining sufficient numerical results for standardization of antenna performance.
