ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on the electrical modeling techniques of batteries, fuel cells (FCs), photovoltaic cells (PVs), and ultracapacitors (UCs). All of these devices have been investigated recently for their typical storage and supply capabilities. Hence, these devices must be modeled precisely, taking into account the concerned practical issues. Initially, this chapter will review several types of suitable models for each of the abovementioned devices and the most appropriate model amongst them will be presented. Furthermore, a few important applications of these devices will be highlighted.
