Impact of mining on the environment – waste-wise

Almost all the mining involves the penetration of the lithosphere through quarries, opencast mines and the underground mines. Hydrosphere comes into the picture in the process of working the river placers and extracting minerals (usually heavy minerals, but in the case of Namibia, diamonds) from the seabed. Mining and extraction of minerals have impacts on rocks, soils, water, air and the biota.