ABSTRACT
When microalloying elements titanium, vanadium and niobium chemically react with carbon and nitrogen, they produce carbides and nitrides respectively. Solubility of microalloy carbides and nitrides in steel plays important role on effectiveness of the precipitation strengthening mechanisms. In the carbides and nitrides, the elements are always in a proportion to their relative atomic masses that is known as the stoichiometric ratio. For example, in the vanadium nitride (VN) separated from the austenite matrix, the relative masses of vanadium (V) and nitrogen (N) are 51 and 14 respectively [1]: https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> [ V ] + [ N ] ↔ ( V N ) 51 g V + 14 g N ↔ 65 g V N https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780367800611/83d6caa5-86bf-42a2-99fd-8ab886d55ae4/content/eqn0001.tif" xmlns:xlink="https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"/>
