ABSTRACT
There are three principal effects of microalloying elements on the evolution of microstructure during hot rolling [1]:
Change of the starting grain size prior to commencement of hot rolling by the microalloying additions that result in undissolved carbo-nitrides at the soaking temperature.
Retardation of the recrystallization process by small amounts of dissolved vanadium, titanium, and particularly niobium.
Inhibition of recrystallization by strain-induced precipitation of the microalloy carbo-nitrides.
