ABSTRACT
In order to build a comprehensive understanding of the term “voluntary environmental management” it is important to begin with a foundational definition of “management.” There are many interesting works on the topic of management and much of the variation among them deals with the dimensions of management, how various elements of management are categorized and labeled, philosophies of management, expectations regarding employees and employee performance, and how the organization is viewed. Henry Fayol, a contemporary of Frederick W. Taylor, approached management at the level of the organization. Planning is the first functional activity in management. Planning establishes goals and thereby delineates the parameters that managers need to identify. The behavioral science approach to management applies elements of individual and social psychology in order to understand, predict, and guide organizational behavior and performance. An effective management philosophy provides the foundation upon which the organization is formed and decisions are made. An effective management policy helps explain variation within the organization.
