ABSTRACT
This chapter presents dynamic response of a circular tunnel under the impulsive application of excavation force. The tunnel should be stable if the selected measures of retrofitting are employed. The stability of underground openings during and after excavation is always of great concern to engineers. Energy methods have been used in mining for a long time, and it is based on the linear behavior of materials. T. R. Stacey proposed the extensional strain method for assessing the stability of underground openings in hard rocks. In the elasto-plastic method, there are several models to model the strength of rock using the criteria of Mohr-Coulomb, Drucker-Prager, Hoek-Brown, O. Aydan. Temperature and principal stress distributions are reversed while the maximum shear stress remains the same at both extreme values of temperature fluctuations. An example of waterhead distributions in rock mass around an underground opening was investigated. The finite element program was based on the program developed by A. Verruijt.
