ABSTRACT
Logic takes us nearer to heaven than other studies. Every allowed extension of Aristotelian logic to plausibility theory is isomorphic to Bayesian probability theory. The philosophy of science and knowledge is traditionally divided into two very distinct thinking processes: deduction and induction. Nevertheless, Aristotle’s syllogism has inspired many philosophers, logicians, and mathematicians. They analyzed it and broke it into so-called inference rules. In particular, they decomposed Aristotle’s syllogism into two steps of logical deduction: universal instantiation and modus ponens. Logical deduction consists of starting from premises, like , and deriving conclusions, like. If this implication is true and if the premises are true, then so are the conclusions. The logic of propositions that we discussed so far is very rich and already highly counterintuitive. Nevertheless, its language is too restricted. Bayesian logic also naturally extends to the logic of predicate. However, once again, there are slight differences with classical logic.
